Daniel Møller Ølgaard

During the last decade or so, most aspects of world politics have become saturated with

digital-technological devices and platforms such as smartphones and social media. Yet,

practice-oriented International Relations (IR) scholarship has not adequately accounted for

the profound impact of this technological transformation on how world politics is ‘done’

within, across and beyond the traditional institutional settings of global political affairs. This

paper addresses this gap by integrating the concept of ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’ from Science

and Technology Studies (STS) into the study of practices and world politics. Sociotechnical

imaginaries encapsulate how technology intersects with society in and through collective

visions of the future. Drawing on interviews with international communication professionals

in Western European capitals, from across diplomacy and humanitarianism, we show how an

attention to ‘future imaginaries’ sheds new light on how the emergence of new technologies

(re)shape practitioners’ view of their role and agency in world politics. Concretely, we

find that, despite their different circumstances, these professionals exhibit similar patterns

of adaptations and evolving practices influenced by collectively perceived uncertainties and

promises associated with a future saturated by social media and algorithms. The article thus

contributes to a deeper understanding of the everyday interplay between technologies and

practitioners by emphasising the role of ‘future imaginaries’ in shaping world politics.

Artiklen argumenterer for, at Ukraines succes med droner afhænger af organisatorisk kultur og menneskelig dømmekraft frem for af teknologi alene. Med udgangspunkt i tre analytiske kriterier (omkostningseffektivitet, teknologisk modenhed og menneskelige forudsætninger) gennemfører artiklen en socioteknisk analyse af både menneskestyrede og autonome droners offensive og defensive anvendelser. Analysen viser, hvordan den største effekt af dronerne bygger på en eksperimenterende innovationskultur, adaptiv læring og tæt samspil mellem mennesker og maskiner, operatører og systemer. På denne baggrund konkluderer artiklen, at dansk droneoprustning bør prioritere kultur, træning og organisationsudvikling som forudsætning for teknologisk innovation og integration.

The growing fascination with so-called emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs) such as artifical intelligence (AI) is already transforming military affairs in profound ways, even if these technologies are not yet properly integrated into military practices and organizations. To make sense of this, this brief article surveys the multiple and sometimes conflicting sociotechnical imaginaries tied to military EDTs and discusses their broader political implications. Concretely, it interrogates two perspectives on how war and military affairs are currently being (re)imagined in light of recent technological developments. These are: 1) the emergence of new forms of agency in the interplay between combatants and AI and 2) new forms of political authority that emerge from the growing influence of technology corporations in war and military affairs. Together, these examples illustrate the ‘messy’ and emergent dimensions of military technopolitics, whereby multiple and sometimes conflicting sociotechnical imaginaries are enrolled into and continusly (re)shape war and military affairs.

This chapter grapples theoretically and analytically with the significance of new digital media technologies in relation to the study of emotions and world politics. It begins with a review of existing international relations literature that identifies the need for scholarly engagement with the technological backdrop of emotions and their politics. Drawing on insights from postphenomenology, it then introduces “technological mediation” as a theoretical prism with which to make sense of the role of media technologies in relation to how emotions become collective and shape world politics. It ends by illustrating the value of this approach by exploring how the refugee crisis is mediated in the virtual reality (VR) experience Sense of Home. In doing so, the chapter unveils the politics of emotions inherent to this humanitarian VR experience, which appeals to and manages the emotions of spectators but also reproduces problematic ways of seeing distant suffering.

Humanitarian donation apps offer a convenient and gratifying donation experience for their users-but can they truly revolutionize aid, or do they sediment unequal relationships of agency and dependency? The article seeks to answer this question by way of an in-depth case-study of the World Food Programme's ShareTheMeal app.
Abstract The emergence of humanitarian donation apps promises to revolutionize aid by making it easier for people to give to humanitarian causes with just a few swipes on the smartphone in the palm of their hands. Yet, little is known about the implications of this for the politics and ethics of contemporary aid. This article explores the politics of humanitarian donation apps through an in-depth study of the World Food Programme's donation app ShareTheMeal. By analysing data from a detailed app walkthrough and documentation in a user journal of the experiences of a sample of app users, the article shows how ShareTheMeal is designed to afford specific forms of everyday humanitarianism, and how users adopt, appropriate or resist these affordances. Doing so we find that, while ShareTheMeal affords a convenient and gratifying donation experience, it also reinvigorates racial and paternalistic divisions between donors as benevolent saviours and recipients as voiceless victims, and integrates users into an extractivist data economy. Hence, rather than revolutionizing aid, ShareTheMeal instead sediments unequal relationships of agency and dependency in and through everyday acts of helping. Yet, because of apps' openness to user resistance and change, another politics of humanitarianism is nevertheless possible.

This chapter investigates digital media as new spaces for the promotion and normalisation of war and violence and marks a shift in analytical focus from the content of digital text, images or videos to the wide range of senses and practices involved in providing meaning to these forms of representation. To this end, the chapter presents an embodied reading of Islamic State’s (IS) propaganda video ‘Flames of War’. This draws out, firstly, how the organisation’s online propaganda addresses the embodied and affective sensibilities of spectators to facilitate a felt sense of intimacy and, secondly, how the affective potentials and intensities generated by such experiences are mobilised through the networked dynamic of digital and social media. These, the chapter argues, are distinctive features of how war is experienced on and through digital media, revealing new possibilities for promoting military action for insurgent groups like IS who do not have the communicative capacities that state militaries do.